Green Nano-Composite of CaO/K-Sulfated TiO2 and Its Potential as a Single-Step Reaction Solid Catalyst for Biofuel Production

In the esterification-transesterification method, a catalyst increases reaction rate to produce biofuel (biodiesel). This study investigated use of solid consisting green nano-CaO as support modified by KOH solution and sulfated TiO2 for converting waste frying oil (WFO) into biodiesel in single-step reaction. With prepared from eggshell, nanocomposite CaO/K-sulfated was synthesized physical mixing hydrothermal method. Crystallite size, surface basicity-acidity, functional groups, morphology were used characterize catalyst, which then tested its ability convert WFO biodiesel. The results showed that green-CaO had nanoparticles (93.13 nm) size decreased after being with (46.43 (62.10 nm), optimum acidity-basicity. conditions conversion found be 5% concentration oil, molar ratio methanol/oil 9:1, time 60 minutes, resulted mass yield 94.17% higher than CaO/K (67.88%). successfully converted fatty acid methyl esters, according GC-MS analysis has potential reactions biodiesel.
 Keywords: Biofuel, TiO2Green Nano-composite, Eggshell, Single-step Reaction, Waste Frying Oil